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Standard Water Quality Report

Download Raw Water Quality Data CSV

Sample Point - FC1-0

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: Yes / Outflow: No
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
1998-09-29------3.4----------01464.31--8.54--16.7--28121.44
1998-10-01----3.33.4------750--01304.99--9.98--18--259--2.58
1998-10-20------3.5----------01084.38--7.54--12.4--15762.64
1998-11-16------3.3----------01389.75--7.94--14.4--18124.62
1998-11-17------3.5----------01249.78--7.97--13.1--19365.72
1998-11-18------3.6----------01006.76--6.8--10.4--27185.39
1998-11-20------3.5----------01107.11--6.7--11.9--24324.5
1998-11-21------3.5----------01167.29--7.08--11.9--28524.84
1999-03-27------3.5----------0801.13--5.28--8.15--10860.96
1999-04-01------3.5----------0801.06--5.05--7.69--13280.61
1999-04-08------3.3----------0941.4--5.86--9.74--150160.51
1999-05-08------3.5----------0921.64--6.13--9.88--180101.44
1999-07-31------3.3----------01324.88--8.6--14.8--28520.27
1999-10-24------3.5----------0901.98--7.22--10.9--17880.14
1999-10-26----3.53.5----------0901.64--6.37--10.9--18921.2
2000-03-26------3.3----------0129.63.06--7--13.3--27321.62
2000-06-26------3.5----------0902.61--5.96--11.7--14461.44
2000-08-29------3.4----------01202.71--7.37--14.9--223140.28
2009-09-22------3.3----------0167.44.153--8.549--21.4--31453.04
2010-05-20------3.4----------0129.80.926--5.398--12.9--20150.91
2015-04-15--350--3.4----------079.21.157--4.549--10.3--220.060.832
2015-05-21--3503.113.4------531--0113.60.9470.9134.9864.94110.710.721250.828
2015-07-15----3.273.5--5.49------082.21.317--3.513--7.608--178.561.039
2015-08-13----3.273.3--3.66------0110.82.2772.315.6455.7511.911.9206.751.654
2015-09-17--273.623.33.4--4.32------0127.63.093--6.862--14.4--238.251.702
2015-11-23--286.963.273.4--9.71------0128.24.478--6.383--11.83--279.752.449
2016-01-21--773.913.253.3--8.54------091.82.136--5--10.6--223.251.127
2016-03-09--4013.183.3--6.94------0106.60.849--4.359--10.2--190.350.746
2016-04-28----3.413.4--8.13------092.81.681--5.047--12.2--180.951.378
2016-05-25--288.13.053.4--6.6------096.41.909--5.332--12.5--177.651.572
2016-07-06--61.023.47----5.67----------------------------
2016-08-31----3.23.3----------0145.23.995--7.11--15.775--254.550.92
2016-11-08--4473.13.3----------01073.547--4.862--9.63--136.452.298
2017-02-22--682.213.13.4----------0106.41.296--4.539--10.6--227.550.834
2017-05-23--478.53.23.4--5.48------091.80.694--4.317--11.466--22350.602
2017-07-18--95.83.23.4----------0115.82.985--5.555--13--214.952.006
2017-08-17--1753.33.4----------0120.43.463--5.972--14.2--257.552.5
2017-12-12--1273.213.4--11.5------094.83.605--5.367--10.7--230.251.905
2018-01-24----4.573.4----------01033.699--5.122--10.518--207.252.045
2018-02-28----4.123.4----------089.61.024--4.08--8.145--185.650.779
2018-03-27----4.353.4----------090.20.605--4.206--9.017--244.350.504
2018-05-01----3.323.4--10.6912.7----093.60.923--4.750--10.190--204.350.830
2018-05-31----3.613.4--6.7119.1----086.41.251--4.285--8.953--195.151.114
Minimum:--61.023.053.3--3.6612.7531--079.20.6050.9133.5134.9417.60810.710820.14
Maximum:--773.914.573.6--11.519.1750--0167.49.782.319.985.7521.411.9314165.72
Average:--3423.403.41--7.1915.9641--0108.13.061.616.035.3511.8911.30212.75.51.76
Range:--712.891.520.3--7.846.4219--088.29.1751.3976.4670.80913.7921.2206145.58
Median:--319.053.273.4--6.7115.9640.5--0106.52.441.615.755.3511.5811.3209.651.41
Loading (lb/day):----452.418.843.842220.7948.7245.01

Sample Point Description: Falls Creek Mine Discharge Influent

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Sample Point - FC1-1

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: No / Outflow: No
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
1998-11-16------5.9----------6.28.20.548--2.5--0.2--13020.08
1999-04-01------3.4----------01020.904--5.71--10.6--11580.4
Minimum:------3.4----------08.20.548--2.5--0.2--11520.08
Maximum:------5.9----------6.21020.904--5.71--10.6--13080.4
Average:------4.65----------355.10.73--4.11--5.40--122.55.00.24
Range:------2.5----------6.293.80.356--3.21--10.4--1560.32
Median:------4.65----------3.155.10.73--4.11--5.4--122.550.24
Loading (lb/day):------------------

Sample Point Description: Cell No. 1 (cell closest to detention pond)

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Sample Point - FC1-2

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: No / Outflow: No
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
1998-11-16------8----------29600.304--1.31--0.2--27100.35
1998-11-23------8.1----------28000.274--1.05--0.2--92280.33
1999-04-01------4----------0740.83--6.21--9.3--19120.9
Minimum:------4----------000.274--1.05--0.2--2720.33
Maximum:------8.1----------296740.83--6.21--9.3--191280.9
Average:------6.70----------19224.70.47--2.86--3.23--103.313.30.53
Range:------4.1----------296740.556--5.16--9.1--164260.57
Median:------8----------28000.3--1.31--0.2--92100.35
Loading (lb/day):------------------

Sample Point Description: Cell No. 2

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Sample Point - FC1-3

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: No / Outflow: No
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
1998-11-16------8.7----------25000.407--1.5--1.52--65100.48
1998-11-23------8.7----------22400.297--1.35--0.976--96120.42
1999-04-01------4.7----------1.8401.04--7.46--6.54--22821.14
Minimum:------4.7----------1.800.297--1.35--0.976--6520.42
Maximum:------8.7----------250401.04--7.46--6.54--228121.14
Average:------7.37----------15913.30.58--3.44--3.01--129.78.00.68
Range:------4----------248.2400.743--6.11--5.564--163100.72
Median:------8.7----------22400.41--1.5--1.52--96100.48
Loading (lb/day):------------------

Sample Point Description: Cell No. 3

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Sample Point - FC1-4

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: No / Outflow: No
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
1998-11-16------8.6----------38000.182--3.69--0.829--70300.37
1998-11-23------8.7----------34800.147--3.34--0.341--108640.45
1999-04-01------5.1----------3.217.41.28--7.81--3.54--241141.44
Minimum:------5.1----------3.200.147--3.34--0.341--70140.37
Maximum:------8.7----------38017.41.28--7.81--3.54--241641.44
Average:------7.47----------2445.80.54--4.95--1.57--139.736.00.75
Range:------3.6----------376.817.41.133--4.47--3.199--171501.07
Median:------8.6----------34800.18--3.69--0.83--108300.45
Loading (lb/day):------------------

Sample Point Description: Cell No. 4 (cell closest to Falls Creek Road)

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Sample Point - FC1-4S

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: No / Outflow: No
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
1998-09-29------3.5----------01688.79--10.8--22.2--38546.49
1998-10-01--753.63.5------871--016811.2--13.5--23.2--351--9.35
1998-11-16------3.6----------016215.6--12.9--20.2--3151412.18
1998-11-17------3.8----------015213.86--12.12--17.69--319212.18
1998-11-18------3.7----------015412.6--12.16--18.19--359612.81
1998-11-19------3.7----------016414.4--12.1--19.3--328213.65
1998-11-20------3.6----------01488.88--10.5--20.2--33722.22
1998-11-23------3.7----------015817.7--13.7--20.2--319214.7
1999-04-01------4.7----------1.8341.22--7.28--5.74--22981.38
1999-04-08------4.6----------1.4301.48--7.42--4.86--242161.32
1999-09-27----3.73.4----------01142.6--9.69--15.4--19320.5
1999-10-26--753.53.5----------01060.583--6.9--14.1--267.920.14
Minimum:--753.53.4------871--0300.583--6.9--4.86--19320.14
Maximum:--753.74.7------871--1.816817.7--13.7--23.2--3851614.7
Average:--753.603.78------871--0129.89.08--10.76--16.77--303.75.57.24
Range:--00.21.3------0--1.813817.117--6.8--18.34--1921414.56
Median:--753.63.65------871--015310.04--11.45--18.75--31927.92
Loading (lb/day):----123.515.31--9.2--16.81--

Sample Point Description: Falls Creek Discharge Near Cell 4 outlet

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Sample Point - FC1-5D

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: No / Outflow: Yes
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
2000-06-26------6.7----------10603.45--8.09--0.637--29882.94
Minimum:------6.7----------10603.45--8.09--0.637--29882.94
Maximum:------6.7----------10603.45--8.09--0.637--29882.94
Average:------6.70----------10603.45--8.09--0.64--298.08.02.94
Range:------0----------000--0--0--000
Median:------6.7----------10603.45--8.09--0.64--29882.94
Loading (lb/day):------------------

Sample Point Description: Discharge below Cell No. 4 (Falls Creek effluent)

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Sample Point - FCW

Download Sample Point Report CSV  /  Inflow: No / Outflow: Yes
Date
Method of Flow
Flow - Field (gal/min)
pH - Field (S.U.)
pH - Lab (S.U.)
ORP - Field (mvolts)
DO - Field (mg/L)
Temp - Field (C)
Cond - Lab (umhos/cm)
Alkalinity - Field (mg/L)
Alkalinity - Lab (mg/L)
Acidity - Lab (mg/L)
T. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
D. Fe - Lab (mg/L)
T. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
D. Mn - Lab (mg/L)
T. Al - Lab (mg/L)
D. Al - Lab (mg/L)
SO4 - Lab (mg/L)
TSS - Lab (mg/L)
Ferrous Iron (mg/L) Lab
1998-09-29------4.4----------01488.38--13.7--20.9--35168.47
1998-10-20------3.6----------016014.6--13.8--20.9--2711210.34
1998-11-21------3.4----------017016.8--13.7--19.7--32840.5
1999-03-27------4.8----------2.6321.69--7.67--5.49--23441.62
1999-05-08------5----------4.218.61.59--8.05--6.48--301321.26
1999-07-31------3.6----------01329.05--9.91--15.5--392166.6
1999-09-27----5.65.9----------3803.66--9.52--3.81--257163.48
1999-10-24------5----------3.416.22.17--9.29--5.66--28620.19
1999-10-26----5.95.1----------4.6182.14--9.38--6.1--307.921.92
2000-03-26------4.8----------2.8361.18--7.3--6.17--30021.14
2000-08-29------5.8----------19.602.01--6.88--6.13--302200.23
2009-05-13------3.8----------077.81.047--5.065--9.77--201.35--
2009-09-22------4.6----------043.41.639--5.669--6.836--228.651.82
2010-05-20------3.8----------080.21.618--5.136--10.4--199.650.96
2015-04-15--350--3.5----------064.01.17--3.862--7.812--189.060.883
2015-05-21--3503.284------392--075.81.0370.9384.1194.0737.527.3317550.529
2015-07-15--773.863.423.6--5.39------087.41.244--4.589--9.02--26050.495
2015-08-13----4.244.4--2.59------053.86.8475.2714.7584.9267.666.865196184.758
2015-09-17--273.624.454.6--5.12------060.42.313--5.681--8.746--21681.744
2015-11-23--286.963.964.1--5.4------082.61.313--5.184--8.456--265.351.019
2016-01-21--773.913.343.5--10.42------080.81.843--4.556--9.42--21050.589
2016-03-09--4013.373.6--9.72------087.80.919--3.887--8.806--165.650.637
2016-04-28----3.673.7--8.21------067.20.969--4.228--8.67--163.260.518
2016-05-25--288.13.453.6--8.77------069.61.077--4.166--9.82--165.350.593
2016-07-06--61.024.61----4.06----------------------------
2016-08-31----4.34.5----------072.82.715--5.695--9.565--207.552.007
2016-11-08--4473.33.6----------091.81.648--4.374--9.84--141.650.69
2017-02-22--682.213.23.5----------088.81.034--4.13--9.65--216.550.593
2017-04-27--948.43.33.5----------081.60.863--3.955--9.83--207.350.516
2017-05-23--478.53.443.7--10.08------060.41.196--3.664--8.037--193.450.727
2017-07-18--95.84.44.5----------054.43.232--4.938--7.684--191.262.85
2017-08-17--1753.78----------60.885.21.171--4.616--9.85--210.450.763
2017-12-12--1273.533.7--11------081.41.622--4.718--9.66--241.950.733
2018-01-24----4.823.5----------087.21.296--3.937--8.349--168.950.56
2018-02-28----3.713.5----------083.20.902--3.503--7.498--173.850.405
2018-03-27----4.063.7----------073.60.912--3.631--7.796--183.950.56
2018-05-01----3.413.6--11.9110.7----073.61.478--4.008--8.564--181.150.529
2018-05-31----3.533.5--6.8714.7----0760.778--3.655--7.845--169.350.348
2018-06-28----3.583.9--6.8815.6----066.61.238--3.900--7.241--164.450.664
2018-07-31----2.873.5--8.2712.2----0801.224--3.702--8.204--178.750.561
2018-08-29----3.113.4--8.1216.3----0841.490--4.480--10.500--233.350.731
2018-09-26C13123.133.5--8.611.8----083.20.849--3.550--8.650--179.250.304
2018-10-24----3.363.6--9.627.5----076.40.877--3.531--7.416--170.150.446
2018-11-20----3.233.6--10.295.8----066.80.674--3.139--6.607--162.780.423
2018-12-27C15853.323.5--11.357----068.60.574--3.150--6.730--154.250.305
2019-01-31C9063.193.5--11.853.2----0810.638--3.550--7.370--156.950.391
2019-02-27C4584.093.7--9.934----0730.718--3.130--6.440--217.950.577
2019-03-27C9063.853.5--8.676.2----072.60.631--3.560--7.270--15350.415
2019-04-25C14873.453.4--9.1711.1----060.60.508--2.978--5.888--138.150.346
2019-05-30C9063.363.6--8.3814----059.80.848--3.465--6.509--146.750.572
2019-06-26C12693.233.5--8.9912.9----0630.620--3.040--6.200--146.360.496
2019-07-31C6533.823.6--5.0817.1----061.21.210--3.310--6.480--143.951.158
2019-08-21C4893.593.7--4.4519.7----059.41.089--3.472--6.516--14050.767
2019-09-25C1434.884.5--5.411.3----039.81.820--3.450--5.150--174.951.842
2019-10-24C2354.844.4--6.359.9----057.21.822--4.126--6.401--167.251.603
2019-11-20C4273.943.6--8.35.5----076.41.146--3.634--6.757--149.550.637
2019-12-18C9843.753.4--9.274.1----0720.767--3.280--6.460--143.850.526
2020-01-30C6193.813.5--11.54.5----069.40.789--3.290--6.700--150.450.641
2020-02-26C5523.823.5--116.6----070.20.927--3.429--6.823--155.650.596
2020-08-20----4.894.5--5.914.2----049.41.910--4.450--6.991--186.251.540
2020-09-22C1434.53.9--2.2210.9----062.22.640--4.854--7.737--192.352.676
2020-10-28C1434.43.9--2.210.5----073.63.620--4.940--8.040--191.852.859
Minimum:061.022.873.4--2.23.2392--000.5080.9382.9784.0733.816.865138.120.19
Maximum:015855.98--11.9119.7392--60.817016.85.27113.84.92620.97.333923210.34
Average:05803.844.00--7.8710.3392--270.52.193.105.124.508.417.10204.16.41.38
Range:01523.983.034.6--9.7116.50--60.817016.2924.33310.8220.85317.090.465253.93010.15
Median:0468.253.673.6--8.3810.8392--072.61.223.14.134.57.687.118950.64
Loading (lb/day):--127.89517.387.053.9526.317.1454.0830.84

Sample Point Description: Falls Creek treatment weir

  1. Records with no value are not included in statistical calculations.
  2. Values lower than the minimum detection limit are assumed to be 0.
  3. Average pH is calculated using the arithmetic mean of pH values. Hydronium ion concentrations were not used.
  4. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.